The modules are functional components which are made up of the elements, gates and devices from the previous pages.
The master clock module produces clock signals at regular intervals.
This master clock module has a new design and contains a 6-cycle clock device on the left with three divide-by-2 devices on the right. Here the divide-by-2 devices employ a positive-edge-detector device. Used as a chain, the first divide-by-2 device divides the clock by 2, the second divides the clock by 4 and so on.
The four output wires at the bottom indicate the consecutive signals. This master clock module ticks the first (bottom) output wire after 6 generations, the second after 12 generations, the third after 24 generations and the fourth (top) output wire after 48 generations.
The clock device on the left must run a 6-cell-based cycle, so 6, 12, 18, 24 etc do all qualify. The master clock module uses the divide-by-2 devices to slow down the clock frequency without taking up a huge amount of space.
For example, if you need a signal every 1.344 generations, you can use a 42-cycle clock with 5 divide-by-2 devices. Because 2^5 = 32, and 32x42 = 1.344.
The addition module calculates the sum of two integers.
This addition module, designed by Ty Finally in 2022, is based on the same principles as Klaus Mogensen's addition module. This circuit contains a full multi-bit adder for serial binary numbers using the least-significant-bit-first convention. It is a carry-lookahead (aka propagate-generate) adder, which means that each carry bit propagates into the next stage.
In this sample the addition module adds the integers 0110 (6) and 0011 (3) to make the sum of 1001 (9). The wire at the bottom contains a start-of-data indicator for the input and output wires.
The carry bit propagates through the top-right wire of the addition module. As soon as a signal enters, from the top, the bottom, or both inputs, a carry bit is created. The carry bit comes to expression if the next two input bits sum up to 0 or 2. Else the carry bit is annihilated.
The multiplication module calculates the product of two integers.
This multiplication module...
The square root module calculates an approximate square root of an integer.
This square root module, designed by Ty Finally in 2022,
The double dabble module converts a binary number to its BCD notation.
This double dabble module, designed by Ty Finally in 2022,...
why the name double dabble? - What is BCD?
It is also known as the shift-and-add-3 algorithm.
The display demultiplexer module divides the input signals over five output wires.
This display demultiplexer module...
The 7-segment decoder module converts a decimal digit to a form which is fed to 7-segment display.
This 7-segment decoder module...
The 7-segment display module provides a visual representation of an alphanumeric character.
This 7-segment display module consists of seven segments arranged in a rectangular fashion as shown. When illuminated each of the seven segments forms part of an alphanumeric character.
The address selector module converts a binary number to an unary number.
This address selector module...
(what is an unary number?)The register bank module stores a number of numbers.
This register bank module...
(data storage, read/write)The serial/parallel module converts serial data to parralel data and back.
This serial/parallel module...